PPD is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. Four of seven specific issues must be present, which include different types of suspicions or doubt (such as of being exploited, or that remarks have a subtle threatening meaning), in some cases regarding others in general or specifically friends or partners, and in some cases referring to a response of holding grudges or reacting angrily. They require in general the presence of lasting distrust and suspicion of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent, from an early adult age, occurring in a range of situations. The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 has similar criteria for paranoid personality disorder. Includes: expansive paranoid, fanatic, querulant and sensitive paranoid personality disorder.Įxcludes: delusional disorder and schizophrenia.
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